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Aroids Aroids are members of the Araceae family and found mainly in tropical and subtropical habitats, with a few temperate species. One of their most interesting features is their unusual flower structure. What appears to be the flower petal is actually the spathe, a bract that wraps around and often encloses the actual flower spike which is called the spadix. Flower pollination is achieved by attracting flies and other insects, sometimes by scent and even by heat. In some species the spathe or spadix has a long tail or thread-like appendage that presumably also serves to attract pollinators to its flowers. The inflorescence often emerges before or at the same time as the leaves and is sometimes hidden by foliage. Some aroids are adapted to monsoonal climates and have tubers and rhizomes that remain dormant until late spring when the plant suddenly appears and grows quite rapidly to its full size. The winter hardiness of these species is still being tested in temperate gardens and a number have been found to withstand winter temperatures much colder than they would encounter in their native habitats. Our cold hardiness estimates are based on these reports. Included in the aroids are plants that are widely used as a food as well as medicinally. | Arisaema candidissimum | | | An attractive perennial with all white or pink striped spathe and dark green, three lobed leaf to 18" high. Grow in part to full shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Arisaema candidissimum is one of later flowering of the group and emerges in late spring into summer. Hardy to -10 degrees F. Found in open, rocky areas in mountains of Western China. Araceae
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Arisaema concinnum | | | Slender green to purple, white striped spathe and long, down curved tail beneath 7-11 broad, palmate leaves 12-18" tall. Grow in part to full shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Arisaema concinnum emerges in late winter to early spring. Hardy to 0 degrees F. Found in open and wooded slopes in the Himalayas at 5,500-8,200 ft from Himachal Pradesh, India, to SE Tibet and Burma Araceae
| Arisaema consanguineum | | | Mottled leafstalk topped by 11-20 narrow pointed leaves with long, threadlike tips above a green, pale striped spathe to 6" that has a downward curving hood with a tail as long as 6". Grow in part to full shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Arisaema consanguineum can emerge over a long period from late winter to late summer. This might be a reflection of adaptations to its widespread geographic distribution with differing habitats and climates. It is native to forests and shrublands from Uttar Pradesh, India to SW China in the Himalayas at 5,900-9,800 ft. Hardy to 0 degrees F. Araceae
| Arisaema costatum | | | Distinctive heavily veined three lobed leaves to 18" tall with a narrow, dark purple and white striped spathe up to 6" tall. The end of the spadix continues as a threadlike appendage that can extend up to18"spadix twisting and twining midair . Grow in part to full shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Arisamea costatum emerges in spring. Hardy to 0 degrees F. Open forests and shrubby areas of Nepal and Sikkim (6,500-8,500 ft) in the Himalayas Araceae
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Arisaema flavum | | | Green palmate leaves 4-18" tall with unusual yellowish spathes in summer. , followed by red berries in fall. Grow in cool sun to part shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Arisame flavum emerges late spring into summer. Hardy to -20 degrees F. Found in open, rocky areas of the Himalayas from Afghanistan to SW China at 6,000 to 15,000 ft. Araceae
| Arisaema galeatum | | | Green, helmet-like spathe nearly encloses the spadix on a tall plant that can rise to 4 ft. Grow in part to full shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Arisaema galeatum emerges in spring. Hardy to 0 degrees F. Found in the forests from 4,200-8,200 ft in the Himalayas from Sikkim through Bhutan. Araceae
| Arisaema griffithii | | | A very distinctive cobra lily with strongly curved, broadly purple spathe beneath 2 stalks each topped by 3 large ovate leaflets. Grow in cool sun to partial shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Arisaema griffithii emerges in spring. Hardy to 0 degrees F. Native to forests in the Himalayas at 7,800 to 9,800 m from Central Nepal to Bhutan where it is found in open areas among Rhododendron and Dapne. Araceae
| Arisaema griffithii var pradhani | | | This striking variety has an even larger broader purple and green striped spathe with earlike appendages that gives it the appearance of a rising cobra. Grow in part to full shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Pradhan's Cobra Lily emerges in spring. Hardy to 0 degrees F. This population is reported to be found in Sikkim on rocky slopes and among Rhododendron plants at above 10,000 ft. In the monograph "The Genus Arisaema", the Gusmans dispute this plant's status as a variety and classify it as simply a large form of the species. Araceae
| Arisaema intermedium | | | Narrow 4-8" long green spathe that features a long spadix appendage that can extend 6-18" . The leaf stems 6-24" tall are topped by three lobed leaves. Grow in part to full shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Arisaema intermedium emerges in spring. Hardy to 0 degrees F. Found in woodlands at 6,800 - 9,800 ft in the Himalayas from Kashmir eastward to Sikkim. Araceae
| Arisaema jacquemontii | | | Five to seven narrow, palmate leaves and taller flowering stalk with green, white striped, spathe with long upturned white or purple tail-like tip. Variable height from 4 -28". Grow in cool sun to partial shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Arisaema jacquemontii emerges in late spring to early summer. Hardy to -15 degrees F. Rocky slopes and high elevation forests in the Himalayas from Afghanistan to SE Tibet. (7,800-13,000 ft) Araceae
| Arisaema nepenthoides | | | This distinctive cobra lily has a mottled greenish brown, white striped, open-mouthed spathe, sometimes with noticably auriculated spathe appendages (like protruding ears) on either side. The leaf stem which emerges just after the flower is also heavily mottled and topped by five or more narrow lobed, glossy green leaflets. It is among the earliest of of the Arisaemas to flower and may need extra protection from late winter cold. Grow in part to full shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Arisaema nepenthoides is the earliest of all the Arisaema species to emerge and flower and can appear as early as mid-winter to early spring. Early emerging plants may need extra protection from the cold to avoid damage to the flowering tip. Hardy to -5 degrees F. Found in grasslands and shrublands from 6,500-10,500 ft in the Eastern Himalayas from Central Nepal to SW China. Araceae
| Arisaema propinquum | | | Dark purple to green, pale striped, spathe to 6" with distinctive spadix appendage to 8" long. The occaisionaly spotted leafstalk is higher than the blooming stalk and is topped by a 3 lobed leaf. Grow in part to full shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Wallach's Cobra Lily emerges in late spring to early summer. Hardy to -5 degrees F. Found in forests to open areas at 7,800 - 12,000 ft in the Himalayas from Kashmir to SE Tibet. Araceae
| Arisaema ringens | | | Pale green and white striped spathe with distinctive dark brown or green lips sit below attractive three part leaves held on dark stems. Grow in part to full shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Arisaema ringens can emerge from late winter to spring. Hardy to -20 degrees F. Found in forests and shrublands from 6,500 - 10,800 ft in the Himalayas from Central Nepal to SW China. Araceae
| Arisaema speciosum | | | Dark maroon spathe with pale stripes and a broad, downward pointing hood, heavily mottled stem and red margined leaves. Grow in part to full shade in gritty, very well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Excellent drainage is essential for this cobra lily. Arisaema speciosum has a unique cylindrical tuber that dies to the ground in winter and emerges from late winter to summer. Hardy to -10 degrees F. Found in forests and shrublands from 5900 to 9200 ft from Nepal to SW China. Arisaema speciosum is so abundant that the leaves have been used as pig fodder by locals. Araceae
| Arisaema speciosum 'Magnificum' (syn "Himalayan Giant") | | | This extra large selection of Arisaema speciosum has a broad, dark maroon, striped spathe more open than the species and mottled stems topped by large, drooping three part leaves to 30" tall. Grow in part to full shade in gritty, very well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaema speciosum 'Magnificum' has a very large cylindrical tuber that dies to the ground in winter and emerges from late winter to summer. Hardy to -10 degrees F. Forests and open slopes in the Himalayas from 6,000 to 10,000 ft. Araceae
| Arisaema speciosum var. mirable | | | Arisaema speciosum var mirable has a distinctive thickened, rough textured, white, spadix. Grow in part to full shade in gritty, very well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Arisaema speciosum var mirable emerge from late winter to summer and generally flowers later than the species. Hardy to -10 degrees F. Found at slightly higher elevation than the species, Arisaema speciousm var mirable occurs in forest margins and on rocky slopes in the Himalayas at 7,500 to 10,800 ft from Nepal to Bhutan. Araceae
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Arisaema taiwanense | | | A striking, tuberous aroid with mottled snake skin colored stalks to 30", large palmate leaves and intriguing brown spathes followed by large bright red seedpods by fall. Grow in part to full shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Taiwan Cobran Lily can emerge in late winter to early summer. Hardy to -5 degrees F. Grow in cool sun to part shade, well-drained moderately fertile, moist soil. Taiwan Araceae
| Arisaema tortuosum | | | This is one of the taller Arisaemas with the blooming stalk rising above the leaves, reaching a height of up to 5 feet. The common name comes from the fact that the green or brown spadix is elongated and extends straight into the air for up to 12". Grow in part to full shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Whipcord Cobra Lily can emerge from spring to summer. Hardy to -5 degrees F. Found in Rhododendron forests to alpine meadows at 5,000-6,500 ft in the Himalayas from Kashmir to SW China Araceae
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Arisaema triphyllum | | | A highly variable tuberous perennial with green palmate leaves up to 24" tall, green to brown striped spathes, followed by red berries in summer. Grow in cool sun to part shade, well-drained moderately fertile, moist soil. Grow in part to full shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Arisamea triphyllum emerges in spring. Hardy to -30 degrees F. Widespread Eastern US native plant found in moist woodlands and along streams. Araceae
| Arisaema utile | | | Another beautiful cobra lily with broad, downward curving, dark purple spathe with distinctive striping and long, thin spadix extension. Three broad, leaflets held above spathe. Grow in part to full shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. Arisaemas are tuberous perennials that die back to the ground in winter. Arisaema utile emerges in spring. Hardy to -15 degrees F. Found in forests and open hillsides from 7,800 - 14,000 ft in the Himalayas from Himachal Pradesh, India to Bhutan. Araceae
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More Aroids
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